Rare earth elements

For decades, wastewater was considered a problem to be contained, but now it’s set to become a resource.

The F-16 aircraft aren’t flyable. However, their value lies elsewhere. They’ll help other fighters to continue to be operational.

China’s restrictions on exporting rare earth elements are beginning to trigger measures like this to gain access to certain raw materials.

The U.S. saw China’s rare earth ban coming—and is now playing one of its last trump cards.

Chinese control over the supply of rare earth elements isn’t just a logistical or economic vulnerability. It’s also a geostrategic challenge of the first order.

China will stop shipping gallium, germanium and antimony, among other critical minerals, to the U.S.

China already controls rare earth elements, but mastering thorium production requires significant investment.